BLS 4.0 · F604100

Grapefruit raw

All nutrient values refer to 100 g.

Energy (kilocalorie)
35 kcal
Energy (kilojoule)
149 kJ
Protein (Nx6.25)
0.5 g
Fat
0.15 g
Carbohydrate, available
6.5 g
Fibre, dietary, total
0.6 g

Complete nutrient values

138 of 138 nutrients · per 100 g

All nutrient values refer to 100 g.
NutrientValueOriginal valueData sourceReferenceBLS calculation
Energy (kilojoule)149 kJ/100 g1491—ENERCJ[kJ] = 17*PROT625[g] + 17*(CHO[g] - POLYL[g]) + 37*FAT[g] + 29*ALC[g] + 13*OA[g] + 10*POLYL[g] + 8*OLSAC[g] + 8*FIBT[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Energy (kilocalorie)35 kcal/100 g351—ENERCC[kcal] = 4*PROT625[g] + 4*(CHO[g] - POLYL[g]) + 9*FAT[g] + 7*ALC[g] + 3*OA[g] + 2.4*POLYL[g] + 2*OLSAC[g] + 2*FIBT[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Water89.8 g/100 g89.821
Protein (Nx6.25)0.5 g/100 g0.532PROT625[g]=NT[g]*6.25teilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Fat0.15 g/100 g0.1533
Carbohydrate, available6.5 g/100 g6.51—CHO[g] = SUGAR[g] + STARCH[g] + OLSAC[g] + POLYL[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Fibre, dietary, total0.6 g/100 g0.64—FIBT[g]=FIBHMW[g]+FIBLMW[g] OR FIBT[g]=FIBINS[g]+FIBSOL[g]+FIBLMWteilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Alcohol (Ethanol)0.021 g/100 g0.0215—
Organic acids, total1.476 g/100 g1.4761—OA[g]=MALAC[g]+ACEAC[g]+LACAC[g]+TARAC[g]+CITAC[g]teilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Ash0.6 g/100 g0.624
Vitamin A, retinol equivalents (RE)57 µg/100 g571—VITA[µg]= RETOL[µg] + 1/6*CARTB[µg]+ 1/12*(CAROTPAXB[µg])teilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Vitamin A, retinol activity equivalents (RAE)28 µg/100 g281—VITAA[µg]= RETOL[µg] + 1/12*CARTB[µg]+ 1/24*(CAROTPAXB[µg])teilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Retinol0 µg/100 g06—
Beta-carotene296 µg/100 g29625
Carotenoids, excluding beta-carotene90 µg/100 g9076
Vitamin D0 µg/100 g01—VITD[µg]=ERGCAL[µg]+CHOCAL[µg]teilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)0 µg/100 g06—
Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)0 µg/100 g06—
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)0.22 mg/100 g0.2227VITE[mg] = TOCPHA[mg]
Alpha-tocopherol0.22 mg/100 g0.2228
Beta-tocopherol0.002 mg/100 g0.00229
Gamma-tocopherol0.002 mg/100 g0.00228
Delta-tocopherol0.002 mg/100 g0.00229
Alpha-tocotrienol0 mg/100 g05—
Vitamin K0 µg/100 g01—VITK[µg] = VITK1[µg] + VITK2[µg]teilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone)— µg/100 g<LOD710
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)0 µg/100 g06—
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)0.07 mg/100 g0.0776
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)0.02 mg/100 g0.02711
Niacin equivalents0.3 mg/100 g0.31—NIAEQ[mg]=NIA[mg]+TRP[g]*1000/60immer berechnet / always calculated
Niacin0.3 mg/100 g0.376
Pantothenic acid0.31 mg/100 g0.31711
Vitamin B620 µg/100 g2076
Biotin0.7 µg/100 g0.7711
Folate equivalent19 µg/100 g191—FOL[µg] = FOLFD[µg] + 1.7*FOLAC[µg]immer berechnet / always calculated
Folate19 µg/100 g19212
Folic acid, synthetic0 µg/100 g06—
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)0 µg/100 g06—
Vitamin C40 mg/100 g40213
Salt (sodium chloride)0.002 g/100 g0.0021—NACL[g] = NA[g]*2.5immer berechnet / always calculated
Sodium1 mg/100 g1214
Chloride12 mg/100 g12711
Potassium138 mg/100 g138215
Calcium24 mg/100 g24216
Magnesium10 mg/100 g10217
Phosphorus18 mg/100 g18711
Sulphur— mg/100 g-——
Iron0.11 mg/100 g0.11218
Zinc0.06 mg/100 g0.06219
Iodide0.2 µg/100 g0.2220
Copper40 µg/100 g40221
Manganese40 µg/100 g40222
Fluoride24 µg/100 g2433
Chromium1 µg/100 g1723
Molybdenum— µg/100 g<LOD or <LOQ723
Acetic acid— g/100 g-——
Citric acid1.296 g/100 g1.296324
Lactic acid0 g/100 g06—
Malic acid0.18 g/100 g0.18324
Tartaric acid— g/100 g-——
Polyols, total0 g/100 g01—POLYL[g]=MANTL[g]+SORTL[g]+XYLTL[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Mannitol— g/100 g<LOD725
Sorbitol— g/100 g<LOD725
Xylitol— g/100 g-——
Monosaccharides, total3.8 g/100 g3.81—MNSAC[g] = FRUS[g] + GALS[g] + GLUS[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Glucose2.1 g/100 g2.1226
Fructose1.7 g/100 g1.7226
Galactose— g/100 g-——
Disaccharides, total2.7 g/100 g2.71—DISAC[g] = LACS[g] + MALS[g] + SUCS[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Sucrose2.6 g/100 g2.6227
Maltose0.08 g/100 g0.08228
Lactose0 g/100 g076
Sugars (mono- and disaccharides), total6.5 g/100 g6.51—SUGAR[g]=MNSAC[g]+DISAC[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Oligosaccharides, available— g/100 g-——
Starch (starch, glycogen, dextrins)0 g/100 g05—
Fibre, low molecular weight— g/100 g-——
Fibre, high molecular weight0.6 g/100 g0.64—FIBHMW[g]=FIBHMWS[g]+FIBHMWI[g] OR FIBHMW[g]=FIBINS[g]+FIBSOL[g]teilweise berechnet / partially calculated
Fibre, water-insoluble0.3 g/100 g0.34—
Fibre, water-soluble0.3 g/100 g0.34—
Fibre, high molecular weight, water-soluble— g/100 g-——
Fibre, high molecular weight, water-insoluble— g/100 g-——
Fatty acids, saturated, total0.0342 g/100 g0.03421—FASAT[g]=F4:0[g]+F6:0[g]+F8:0[g]+F10:0[g]+F12:0[g]+F14:0[g]+F15:0[g]+F16:0[g]+F17:0[g]+F18:0[g]+F20:0[g]+F22:0[g]+F24:0[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Fatty acid C4:0 (butyric acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C6:0 (caproic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C8:0 (caprylic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C10:0 (capric acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C12:0 (lauric acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C14:0 (myristic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C15:0 (pentadecylic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C16:0 (palmitic acid)0.0305 g/100 g0.030533
Fatty acid C17:0 (margaric acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C18:0 (stearic acid)0.00365 g/100 g0.0036533
Fatty acid C20:0 (arachidic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C22:0 (behenic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C24:0 (lignoceric acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acids, monounsaturated, total0.029 g/100 g0.0291—FAMS[g]=F14:1CN5[g]+F16:1CN7[g]+F18:1CN7[g]+F18:1CN9[g]+F20:1CN9[g]+F22:1CN9[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Fatty acid C14:1 n-5 cis (myristoleic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C16:1 n-7 cis (palmitoleic acid)0.0027 g/100 g0.002733
Fatty acid C18:1 n-7 cis (vaccenic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C18:1 n-9 cis (oleic acid)0.026 g/100 g0.02633
Fatty acid C20:1 n-9 cis (gondoic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C22:1 n-9 cis (erucic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acids, polyunsaturated, total0.056 g/100 g0.0561—FAPU[g]=F18:2C9T11[g]+F18:2CN6[g]+F20:2CN6[g]+F18:3CN3[g]+F18:3CN6[g]+F20:3CN6[g]+F18:4CN3[g]+F20:4CN6[g]+F20:5CN3[g]+F22:5CN3[g]+F22:6CN3[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Fatty acids, polyunsaturated, n-3 (omega-3), total0.012 g/100 g0.0121—FAPUN3[g]=F18:3CN3[g]+F18:4CN3[g]+F20:5CN3[g]+F22:5CN3[g]+F22:6CN3[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Fatty acid C18:3 n-3 all-cis (alpha-linolenic acid)0.012 g/100 g0.01233
Fatty acid C18:4 n-3 all-cis (stearidonic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C20:5 n-3 all-cis (eicosapentanoic acid)0 g/100 g06—
Fatty acid C22:5 n-3 all-cis (docosapentanoic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C22:6 n-3 all-cis (docosahexanoic acid)0 g/100 g06—
Fatty acids, polyunsaturated, n-6 (omega-6), total0.0435 g/100 g0.04351—FAPUN6[g]=F18:2CN6[g]+F18:3CN6[g]+F20:2CN6[g]+F20:3CN6[g]+F20:4CN6[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Fatty acid C18:2 n-6 cis,cis (linoleic acid)0.0435 g/100 g0.043533
Fatty acid C18:2 conjugated, cis 9,trans 11 (conjugated linoleic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C18:3 n-6 all-cis (gamma-linolenic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C20:2 n-6 cis,cis (eicosadienoic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C20:3 n-6 all-cis (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acid C20:4 n-6 all-cis (arachidonic acid)— g/100 g-——
Fatty acids, others— g/100 g-——
Cholesterol0 mg/100 g06—
Amino acids, essential, total0.068 g/100 g0.0681—AAE9[g] = ILE[g] + LEU[g] + LYS[g] + MET[g] + PHE[g] + THR[g] + TRP[g] + VAL[g]+HIS[g]immer berechnet / always calculated
Alanine0.025 g/100 g0.02532
Arginine0.053 g/100 g0.05332
Aspartic acid, including asparagine0.095 g/100 g0.09532
Cysteine0.007 g/100 g0.00732
Glutamic acid, including glutamine0.053 g/100 g0.05332
Glycine0.003 g/100 g0.00332
Histidine0 g/100 g032
Isoleucine0 g/100 g032
Leucine0.02 g/100 g0.0232
Lysine0.023 g/100 g0.02332
Methionine0 g/100 g032
Phenylalanine0 g/100 g032
Proline0.055 g/100 g0.05532
Serine0.029 g/100 g0.02932
Threonine0.014 g/100 g0.01432
Tryptophan0 g/100 g032
Tyrosine0 g/100 g032
Valine0.011 g/100 g0.01132
Nitrogen, total0.1 g/100 g0.1229
Data source · Reference

Data source

  1. Formelberechnung
  2. Aggregation
  3. Nährstoffdatenbank
  4. Analyse
  5. Übernommener Wert
  6. Logische Null
  7. Literatur

Reference

  1. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Paul, D. K. and R. K. Shaha; Nutrients, vitamins and minerals content in common citrus fruits in the northern region of Bangladesh.; Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences; 2004; 7; 2#Li, B. W. and Andrews, K. W.; Individual sugars, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber contents of 70 high consumption foods.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 2002; 15#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: I. Sodium, Phosphorus, and Potassium.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995
  2. National Food Institute, Food data (frida.fooddata.dk), version 5.2, May 2024
  3. Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
  4. Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  5. Heinonen MI, Ollilainen V, Linkola EK, Varo PT, Koivistoinen; Carotenoids in Finnish Foods: Vegetables, Fruits, and Berries; Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry; 1989; 37#Müller H; Determination of the carotenoid content in selected vegetables and fruit by HPLC and photodiode array detection; Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung; 1997; 204
  6. Converted value from: Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  7. Converted value from: Chun, J., et al.; Tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of raw and processed fruits and vegetables in the United States diet; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 2006; 19; 2-3#Converted value from: Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  8. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Chun, J., et al.; Tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of raw and processed fruits and vegetables in the United States diet; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 2006; 19; 2-3
  9. Chun, J., et al.; Tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of raw and processed fruits and vegetables in the United States diet; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 2006; 19; 2-3#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  10. Dismore M.L., Haytowitz D.B., Gebhardt S.E.,Peterson J.W., Booth S.L.); Vitamin K content of nuts and fruits in the US diet; Journal of the american dietetic association; 2003; 103; 12
  11. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  12. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Konings, E. J. M., et al.; Folate intake of the Dutch population according to newly established liquid chromatography data for foods; American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; 2001; 73
  13. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Chebrolu, K. K., et al. ; An improved sample preparation method for quantification of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid by HPLC.; LWT - Food Science and Technology; 2012; 47
  14. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: I. Sodium, Phosphorus, and Potassium.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995#Miller-Ihli, NJ; Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of the trace element content of selected fruits consumed in the United States; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1996; 9
  15. Miller-Ihli, NJ; Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of the trace element content of selected fruits consumed in the United States; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1996; 9#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: I. Sodium, Phosphorus, and Potassium.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995#Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  16. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Miller-Ihli, NJ; Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of the trace element content of selected fruits consumed in the United States; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1996; 9#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: II. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995
  17. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: II. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995#Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Miller-Ihli, NJ; Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of the trace element content of selected fruits consumed in the United States; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1996; 9
  18. Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: II. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995#Miller-Ihli, NJ; Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of the trace element content of selected fruits consumed in the United States; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1996; 9#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  19. Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2010; 2010#Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2013; 2013#Radwan, M. A., Salama, A. K.; Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables; Food and Chemical Toxicology; 2006; 8; 44#Ellen, G., et al.; HEAVY-METALS IN VEGETABLES GROWN IN THE NETHERLANDS AND IN DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED FRUITS.; Zeitschrift Fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung Und-Forschung; 1990; 190; 1#Miller-Ihli, NJ; Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of the trace element content of selected fruits consumed in the United States; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1996; 9#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: II. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995#Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017
  20. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: III. Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Iodine; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995
  21. Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2010; 2010#Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2013; 2013#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: III. Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Iodine; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995#Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Ellen, G., et al.; HEAVY-METALS IN VEGETABLES GROWN IN THE NETHERLANDS AND IN DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED FRUITS.; Zeitschrift Fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung Und-Forschung; 1990; 190; 1
  22. Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2013; 2013#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Ellen, G., et al.; HEAVY-METALS IN VEGETABLES GROWN IN THE NETHERLANDS AND IN DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED FRUITS.; Zeitschrift Fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung Und-Forschung; 1990; 190; 1#Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980#Pennington, J. A. T., et al.; Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: III. Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Iodine; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 1995
  23. Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980
  24. Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie; SFK Online Version; 2016
  25. Muir, J. G., et al.; Measurement of short-chain carbohydrates in common australian vegetables and fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry; 2009; 57; 2
  26. Muir, J. G., et al.; Measurement of short-chain carbohydrates in common australian vegetables and fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry; 2009; 57; 2#Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Li, B. W. and Andrews, K. W.; Individual sugars, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber contents of 70 high consumption foods.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 2002; 15
  27. Converted value from: Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Li, B. W. and Andrews, K. W.; Individual sugars, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber contents of 70 high consumption foods.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 2002; 15
  28. Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Li, B. W. and Andrews, K. W.; Individual sugars, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber contents of 70 high consumption foods.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; 2002; 15
  29. Converted value from: Public Health England, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables. 2017#Converted value from: Koivistoinen P; Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cr, F, Se, Si, Rb, Al, B, Br, Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Ash; Almqvist & Wiksell; 1980

Max Rubner-Institut (2025): Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel (BLS), Version 4.0. Karlsruhe.